The Reformation Movement "Causes" (Martin Luther)

"REFORMATION MOVEMENT"

The word reformation is used to refer to "the change of something". It was basically a religious movement of the Renaissance. At that time, everything was under the control of the "Institution of the Papacy". The word papacy refers to the Pope and the Pope was the head of all Roman Catholic Christians at that time. If anybody exploits the rules of the papacy, that individual will get strict punishment by the church. Then, to stop this system, a movement got started. It is alternatively named the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation.

Martin Luther was a Monk in Urdu known as (Padri) who raised his voice against the church and claimed that in 1517, a reformation had begun against the papacy's church system. It is also considered one of the events that the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the early modern period in Europe. Luther was the founder of the Sect of Protestant group. The Reformation led to the creation of new national Protestant churches. The largest of the new church’s groupings were the Lutherans. Luther began by criticizing the selling of indulgences, insisting that the pope had no authority over purgatory and that the Catholic doctrine of the merits of the saints had no foundation in the gospel. Luther began by criticizing the selling of indulgences, insisting that the pope had no authority over purgatory and that the Catholic doctrine of the merits of the saints had no foundation in the gospel.  Martian Luther was among a group of people who were speaking out against the church. That time is known as the dark ages of Europe.

The Reformation began in 1517 when a German monk called Martin Luther protested against the Catholic Church, the word catholic meaning "universal". The reformers were not initially called Protestants. His followers became known as Protestants. Many people and governments adopted the new Protestant ideas, while others remained faithful to the Catholic Church. This led to a split in the Church. It will help individuals to understand the issue here if you also look at the guide to Henry VIII.

In England, the Reformation began with Henry VIII’s quest for a male heir. When Pope Clement VII refused to annul Henry’s marriage to Catherine of Aragon so he could remarry, the English king declared in 1534 that he alone should be the final authority in matters relating to the English church. Henry dissolved England’s monasteries to confiscate their wealth and worked to place the Bible in the hands of the people. Beginning in 1536, every parish was required to have a copy.

In Germany, Martin Luther spoke out against the church, King Henry spoke out in England, and there was a man named Kelvin who worked against the church in Geneva. These are the three that use the "Printing Press" to spread knowledge. The spread of Gutenberg's printing press provided the means for the rapid dissemination of religious materials in the vernacular languages of individuals. The rise of the printing press was a common factor that played a role during the Reformation and the Counter-Reformation. Henry was the first who translated his own region. In addition, he was the one who opened the church because he wanted to marry and the Catholic Church would not allow him to do so because the church only allows one marriage.

Institution of the Papacy

• The church is growing stronger by the day.

• The Pope was known to have committed corruption of church funds.

• The Pope did not provide all of the necessary details.

• They are not permitted to translate the Bibles.

• They are restricted by the Catholic Church.

• The Pope used to have total control over society.

 

 

There was one church called the Catholic Church, and all of the lectures were in Latin, which most people couldn't understand. Only Popes understand Latin, not any kind of common person. Art, statues, and galleries adorn the walls of the Catholic Church.

The "Protestant Church" is the name given to a church built by Martin Luther and his followers. This church was in some ways antithetical to the law, which is why all of the lectures were given in (vernacular languages): Vernacular languages are those languages which are used and understood by their native individuals, so that individuals can understand the whole lecture. Another difference was that there were no artworks or galleries in the church. It posed a religious and political challenge to the Catholic Church and, in particular, to the papacy's authority, arising from what was perceived to be corruption and collecting taxes by the Catholic Church.

 

One of the most important things Martin Luther did was because the pope was Latin at the time, and the Bible was in Latin, and the common people of their territory couldn't understand the Latin. Pope used to take advantage of the bible in their vernacular language with wrong meaning, and Martin Luther started action against Pope of Catholic Church and to translate the bible into their vernacular language. Luther began by criticizing the sale of indulgences, insisting that the Pope had no authority over purgatory and that the Treasury of Merit had no foundation in the Bible.

The church takes taxes from the people. That tax is called the (Sell of Indulgences). It refers to a symbol of sin. What, for example, have people done? The Pope used to collect sin taxes from those who committed them, with the proceeds going to the church. They commit fraud with the money they receive.

Martin did something very special: he had 95 objections/theses posted on the door of the Catholic Church. The Reformation is usually considered to have started with the publication of the Ninety-five Theses by Martin Luther in 1517. These theses didn’t become widespread until January of 1518, when his associates translated them from Latin to German, then printed and distributed them. In two weeks, they had spread across Germany. In two months, across Europe, The Protestant Movement was one of the first disputes in history to be aided by the printing press. Movements had been made towards a Reformation prior to Martin Luther, so some Protestants.  Despite the priests, Luther desired that power be concentrated in the hands of the Prince/King. These theses debated and criticized the Church and the papacy, but mainly concentrated upon the selling of indulgences. These theses were against the use and abuse of indulgences Theses, against the use and abuse of indulgences.

Luther's statements challenged the Catholic Church's role as an intermediary between people and God, specifically when it came to the indulgence system, which in part allowed people to purchase a certificate of pardon for the punishment of their sins. Luther argued against the practice of buying or earning forgiveness, believing instead that salvation is a gift God gives to those who have faith.

After that, "The Age of Reason" got started because of the issues/problems of the Catholic Church.

A concept of modern society is that "Religion is my personal thing". So, it means that no one is allowed to interfere in someone’s religion.

People began questioning the church and raising their voices against it. It was known as the major movement within Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe. The Reformation was the start of Protestantism and the split of the Western Church into Protestantism and what is now the Roman Catholic Church.

Protestant reform in England began with Henry VIII in 1534 because the Pope would not grant him a marriage annulment. Subsequently, King Henry rejected the Pope's authority, instead of creating and assuming authority over the Church of England, a sort of hybrid church that combined some Catholic doctrine and some Protestant ideals. Over the next 20 years, there was religious turbulence in England as Queen Mary (1553–1558) reinstated Catholicism in England while persecuting and exiling Protestants, only to have Queen Elizabeth I and her Parliament attempt to lead the country back toward Protestantism during her reign (1558–1603).

During Reformation-era confessionalization, Western Christianity adopted different confessions (Catholic, Lutheran, Reformed, Anglican, Anabaptist, Unitarian, etc.)

 

 

Caused of Reformation

1. Social Causes

• The Church is taking control of property and it creates a social imbalance.

• The church used to amass a large sum of money and then spend it on themselves.

• legal requirements for society

• Princes, kings, and bankers support the mail, which was started.

 

2. Political Cause

• Princes and kings were not particularly powerful.

• Kings had no power.

• All the power that only the church has.

 

3. Economic Cause

• Nepotism: In Sindhi, it is referred to as (Sefarishi Culture). It means giving powers to our own beloved even if he/she is not capable of that seat of power.

• The church is riddled with corruption.

• Sale of Indulgences.

 

4. Religious Cause

• The Catholic Church forbade them from translating the Bible.

• The Bible was written in Latin, and their native people did not understand it.

• The Latin language could only be understood by (religious, high-ranking) people.

In the 16th century, people created a platform called Reason or the Age of Enlightenment.